Non-linearity and Statistics - Implications of Hormesis on Dose-response Analysis
نویسنده
چکیده
In medical applications of statistics, such as drug testing or risk assessment, most investigators usually expects linear dose-response pattern and is rather surprised finding that the effects on some individuals are even opposite than those expected from the assumption of linearity. We provide several examples of the non-linear doseresponse pattern, the phenomenon called hormesis, both chemical and radiation hormesis. We also discuss possible explanation of hormesis based on cybernetic regulation mechanism or on chaotic attractor hypothesis, as well as consequences of hormesis for epidemiology and medical statistics.
منابع مشابه
Extreme sensitivity and the practical implications of risk assessment thresholds.
Traditional risk-assessment theory assumes the existence of a threshold for non-cancer health effects. However, a recent trend in environmental regulation rejects this assumption in favor of non-threshold linearity for these endpoints. This trend is driven largely by two related concepts: (1) a theoretical assumption of wide-ranging human sensitivity, and (2) inability to detect thresholds in e...
متن کاملHormesis: implications for cancer risk assessment.
Current guidelines for cancer risk assessment emphasize a toxicant's "mode of action", rather than its empirically derived dose-response relationship, for determining whether linear low-dose extrapolation is appropriate. Thus, for reasons of policy, demonstration of hormesis is generally insufficient to justify a non-linear approach, although it may provide important insights into the actions o...
متن کاملPractical Risk Assessment and Management Issues Arising were we to Adopt Low-Dose Linearity for all Endpoints.
The 2009 National Research Council report, Science and Decisions, proposes harmonizing dose-response approaches for cancer and non-cancer endpoints, and for non-cancer quantitative risk assessment, this would usually take the form of a low-dose linear no-threshold dose-response curve. The soundness of this recommendation has been questioned, but I focus on its consequences if adopted, many of t...
متن کاملRadiation, ecology and the invalid LNT model: the evolutionary imperative.
Metabolic and energetic efficiency, and hence fitness of organisms to survive, should be maximal in their habitats. This tenet of evolutionary biology invalidates the linear-no threshold (LNT) model for the risk consequences of environmental agents. Hormesis in response to selection for maximum metabolic and energetic efficiency, or minimum metabolic imbalance, to adapt to a stressed world domi...
متن کاملHormesis [biological effects of low level exposures (BELLE)] and dermatology.
Hormesis, or biological effects of low level exposures (BELLE), is characterized by nonmonotonic dose response which is biphasic, displaying opposite effects at low and high dose. Its occurrence has been documented across a broad range of biological models and diverse type of exposure. Since hormesis appears to be a relatively common phenomenon in many areas, the objective of this review is to ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2000